Resumo Introdução: Buscando atender aos pressupostos das Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais são propostas metodologias ativas de aprendizagem, uma vez que colocam os estudantes como figura central do processo de aprendizagem enquantoo professor assume o papel de mediador e incentivador. Objetivo: Descrever as experiências de estudantes de Medicina e Enfermagem inseridos na prática profissional sob a lógica da problematização. Métodos: Pesquisa qualitativa realizada por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com estudantes de Medicina e Enfermagem de uma IES, no ano de 2018. Os dados foram analisados por meio da técnica de análise de conteúdo na modalidade temática e discutidos à luz da problematização. Resultados: Os dados foram categorizados em três temas: a problematização no cenário de prática profissional; a influência do facilitador na aplicabilidade da problematização; fragilidades da problematização no cenário de práticas profissionais. Conclusão: De acordo com os estudantes, a articulação entre teoria e prática é favorecida pelo cenário prático. No entanto, o facilitador e o vínculo com a unidade de saúde influenciam, de maneira considerável, o desempenho do estudante.

Abstract Introduction: Seeking to meet the assumptions of the National Curriculum Guidelines, active learning methodologies are proposed, since they place students as a central figure in the learning process while the teacher assumes the role of mediator and encourager. Objective: To describe the experiences of Medicine and Nursing students inserted in professional practice under the logic of problematization. Methods: Qualitative research carried out through semi-structured interviews with students of Medicine and Nursing of an HEI, in the year 2018. Data were analyzed using the technique of content analysis in the thematic modality and discussed in the light of the problematization. Results: Data were categorized into three themes: problematization in the professional practice scenario; the influence of the facilitator on the applicability of the problematization; fragilities of problematization in the scenario of professional practices. Conclusion: According to the students, the articulation between theory and practice is favored by the practical scenario. However, the facilitator and the link with the health unit significantly influence student performance.seeking to meet the assumptions of the National Curriculum Guidelines, active learning methodologies are proposed for such, as they place students as a central figure in the learning process and the teacher assumes the role of mediator and encourager.

Resumen Introducción: Buscando cumplir con los presupuestos de los Lineamientos Curriculares Nacionales, se proponen metodologías activas de aprendizaje, ya que colocan al estudiante como figura central en el proceso de aprendizaje mientras el docente asume el rol de mediador y dinamizador. Objetivo: Describir las experiencias de estudiantes de Medicina y Enfermería insertos en la práctica profesional bajo la lógica de la problematización. Métodos: Investigación cualitativa realizada a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas con estudiantes de Medicina y Enfermería de una IES, en el año 2018. Los datos fueron analizados mediante la técnica de análisis de contenido en la modalidad temática y discutidos a la luz de la problematización. Resultados: Los datos fueron categorizados en tres temas: problematización en el escenario de la práctica profesional; la influencia del facilitador en la aplicabilidad de la problematización; fragilidades de la problematización en el escenario de las prácticas profesionales. Conclusión: Según los estudiantes, la articulación entre teoría y práctica se ve favorecida por el escenario práctico. Sin embargo, el facilitador y el vínculo con la unidad de salud influyen significativamente en el desempeño de los estudiantes.

ABSTRACT Uranium dioxide pellets (UO2) used as fuel in nuclear power reactors are subjected to high thermal gradients and may undergo swelling during reactor operation. The swelling of UO2 pellets, resulting from the fission products, causes cracking of the material and it is thus critical to study their behaviour. This study evaluated the application of the ultrasonic method in obtaining the elastic constants of UO2 pellets. Due to the difficulties in handling nuclear material, we used tablets of alumina (Al2O3) for a comparative study. For this, two sets of 10 Al2O3pellets with densities of 92% and 96% were fabricated. Ultrasonic transmission technique was used for obtaining measurements of the travel time of longitudinal and transverse ultrasonic waves. Equations relating material density and velocity of the ultrasonic wave to the elasticity, shear and Poisson’s modules allowed the determination of these elastic constants, whose values showed excellent agreement with those available in the literature for Al2O3.

Resumen Introducción: Los ancianos privados de libertad se encuentran sometidos a cambios significativos en su vida social y afectiva, involucrando las creencias y valores que tienen sobre los otros y de sí mismos. Objetivo: Comprender las expectativas de los ancianos encarcelados en relación con el futuro, después de la ejecución de la sentencia. Métodos: Investigación cualitativa, basada en el análisis temático. Cuarenta y dos ancianos privados de libertad de cuatro penitenciarias en la región Occidental de Estado de Sao Paulo, Brasil participaron. Los datos se obtuvieron a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas, con la siguiente pregunta que guía: "¿Cómo imagina su vida cuando esté en libertad?". Resultados: Del análisis de los datos surgieron cuatro temas centrales: Aspiración de un nuevo comienzo; Cuidado personal y sanitario; Desde la idealización de la libertad hasta el reconocimiento de las dificultades; Foco en la religiosidad; y la recuperación del tiempo perdido. Conclusión: Los temas destacaron el deseo de reiniciar una nueva vida, el autocuidado y de práctica religiosa, incluso sabiendo las dificultades a las que hay que enfrentar.

Resumo Introdução: O idoso privado de liberdade encontra-se submetido a mudanças significativas na sua vida social e afetiva, envolvendo as crenças e valores que tem a respeito do outro e de si próprio. Objetivo: Compreender as expectativas do idoso encacerdado em relação ao futuro, pós cumprimento da pena. Métodos: Pesquisa qualitativa, fundamentada na Análise Temática. Participaram 42 idosos privados de liberdade de quatro penitenciárias da região oeste do estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, que contaram com a seguinte questão norteadora: “como você imagina sua vida quando estiver em liberdade?”. Resultados: Da análise dos dados obtidos emergiram quatro temáticas: Pretensão de um recomeço; Cuidado de si e da saúde; Da idealização da liberdade ao reconhecimento das dificuldades; e Foco na religiosidade. Conclusão: As temáticas evidenciaram o desejo de recomeçar uma nova vida, de autocuidado e de prática religiosa mesmo sabendo das dificuldades a serem enfrentadas.

Abstract Introduction: Older adults deprived of freedom are submitted to significant changes in their social and affective life, involving the beliefs and values they have about the others and themselves. Objective: To understand the expectations of older adults incarcerated in relation to the future, after the execution of the sentence. Methods: A qualitative research was carried out, based on the Thematic Analysis method. Forty-two older adults deprived of liberty from four penitentiaries at the western State region of São Paulo, Brazil participated. Data were obtained through semi-structured interviews, with the following guiding question: "How do you imagine your life when you are at liberty?". Results: From the analysis of the data obtained, four themes emerged Claim of a new beginning; Self and health care; From the idealization of freedom to the recognition of difficulties; and Focus on religiosity. Conclusion: The themes highlighted the desire of restarting a new life, self-care and of religious practice even knowing the difficulties to be faced.

Resumo Introdução A associação entre tabagismo e doença periodontal tem sido descrito em estudos clínicos e epidemiológicos. Objetivo O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar os níveis de LL-37 e beta defensina-2 (hBD-2) no fluido crevicular de pacientes com periodontite generalizada fumantes (F) e não fumantes (NF). Material e método Um total de 35 pacientes com periodontite generalizada estágios III e IV, 15 NF (11 mulheres, 4 homens) e 20 F (7 mulheres e 13 homens), foram incluídos no estudo. Os parâmetros clínicos avaliados foram sangramento à sondagem (SS), profundidade de sondagem (PS) e nível de inserção clínica (NIC). Ensaios imuno enzimáticos foram realizados para quantificar os níveis de LL-37 e hBD-2 no fluido crevicular das gengivas dos pacientes. Resultado Os resultados foram analisados estatisticamente, com nível de significância de 5%. Em relação aos parâmetros clínicos periodontais, não foi observada diferença estatisticamente significativa para SS e PS comparando os grupos F e NF. Houve maior NIC nos pacientes do grupo F, quando comparados ao grupo NF (p = 0,0095). Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os níveis de LL-37 e hBD-2 quando comparados os grupos F e NF (p> 0,05). Conclusão Concluiu-se que os fumantes apresentam maior perda de inserção clínica do que os não fumantes, mas o tabagismo não influenciou nos níveis de LL-37 e hBD-2 do fluido gengival em indivíduos com periodontite.

Abstract Introduction The association between smoking and periodontal diseases has been described in clinical and epidemiological studies. Objective The aim of this study was to compare the LL-37 and human β-defensin-2 (hBD-2) levels in crevicular fluid of patients with generalized periodontitis in smokers (S) and nonsmokers (NS). Material and method A total of 35 patients with generalized periodontitis stages III and IV, 15 NS (11 female, 4 male) and 20 S (7 female and 13 male), were included in the study. The evaluated clinical parameters were bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were performed to quantify the LL-37 and hBD-2 levels in the gingival crevicular fluid of these patients. The results were analyzed statistically with the level of significance set at 5%. Result In relation to periodontal clinical parameters, no statistically significant difference was observed for BOP and PD between groups S and NS. There was a higher CAL in the S group than in the NS group (p = 0.0095). There was no statistically significant difference between the levels of LL-37 and hBD-2 when comparing groups S and NS (p>0.05). Conclusion It was concluded that smokers have a higher clinical attachment loss than nonsmokers, but that smoking did not influence the levels of LL-37 and hBD-2 in the gingival crevicular fluid in periodontitis.

ABSTRACT Disseminated tuberculosis is a severe disease with high-mortality that requires early diagnosis and treatment. Intestinal tuberculosis accounts for only 2% of tuberculosis cases worldwide and is extremely rare in children. We report a case of a 4-year-old girl admitted due to disseminated tuberculosis with extensive intestinal involvement characterized by massive intestinal bleeding and hemorrhagic shock. The severity of the intestinal involvement precluded the exclusive use of oral anti-tuberculosis drugs and the patient was successfully treated with a combination of injectable and oral anti-tuberculosis agents. We discuss the importance of a regimen with injectable drugs for treating severe forms of tuberculosis in which the intestinal involvement impaired the use of oral drugs.

Abstract Peach palm flours prepared from the landraces microcarpa (MIF), mesocarpa (MEF), and macrocarpa (MAF) were assessed for their functional and morphological characteristics. The flours had moisture contents in accordance with the current legislation, considerable lipid (≥3.95%) and carbohydrate (≥66.68%) contents, and potential as an energy source (≥300 kcal/100 g). MEF and MAF can be considered rich in dietary fibers since their fiber contents were above 6 g/100 g, which contributes to the nutritional enrichment of products prepared with those flours. The assessment of the technological properties, WAC (≥255%) and OAC (≥65%) showed the peach palm flours can be used as raw material in different products such as breads, cakes, meat products, and breaded foods, thus adding energy, nutritional, and economic value. It is worth pointing out that peach palm is gluten free, hence it is an option for the development of new products targeted at consumers with celiac disease.

RESUMO A proposta deste estudo foi identificar as leveduras envolvidas na fermentação espontânea de cacau da Amazônia brasileira. A fermentação foi realizada em Medicilândia e Tucumã, Pará, Brasil, durante 6 dias. Em total foram obtidos 44 isolados de leveduras de Medicilândia e 29 de Tucumã. A identificação molecular foi realizada por sequenciamento do fragmento da região D1/D2 do gene rRNA 26S, amplificado com primers universais para eucariotos NL1GC e LS2. Em Medicilândia, foram identificadas Pichia manshurica e Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Em Tucumã foram identificadas cinco espécies (Pichia fermentans, P. kudriavzevii, P. manshurica, S. cerevisiae e Zygosaccharomyces bailii). Os resultados sugerem que P. manshurica e S. cerevisiae podem ter potencial para uso como culturas starter em estudos futuros, para melhorar a qualidade das sementes de cacau fermentadas na Amazônia brasileira.

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to identify the yeasts involved in spontaneous fermentation of cocoa from the Brazilian Amazon region. The fermentation process was carried out experimentally with cocoa seeds from two sites (Medicilândia and Tucumã), State of Pará, northern Brazil, during a six-day period. Totals of 44 yeasts were isolated from Medicilândia and 29 from Tucumã. Molecular identification was carried out by sequencing the D1/D2 region fragment of the rRNA 26S gene, expanded with universal primers for the NL1GC and LS2 eukaryotes. Pichia manshurica and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were identified in Medicilândia and five yeast species (Pichia fermentans, P. kudriavzevii, P. manshurica, S. cerevisiae and Zygosaccharomyces bailii) were identified in Tucumã. The results showed that P. manshurica and S. cerevisiae may have potential for use as starter cultures in future studies to improve the quality of cocoa seeds fermented in the Brazilian Amazon region.

The crimson speckled moth, Utetheisa pulchella (Linnaeus, 1758), is recorded in Brazilian Amazon for the first time. A moth (male) was collected with light trap in a multiple cropping area, in Mojuí dos Campos municipality, Pará State, Brazil. This record expands the area of occurrence and distribution of this rare species in the Neotropical Region. In addition, the occurrence of U. pulchella in the Amazon was unexpected, since this species is generally associated with open ecosystems and drier climates.

Abstract Our objective in this work was to evaluate the contents of the major bioactive compounds in the peel of three genotypes of camu camu at different maturity stages. The genotypes had high concentration of ascorbic acid in the peel ranging from 13.73% to 24.02%. In the ripe maturity stage the genotypes 17 and 44 presented the highest concentration of phenolics (3,299.97 mg GAE.100 g-1) and anthocyanins (165.91 g.100 g-1). Flavonols and carotenoids showed a distinct and statistically different behavior in each genotype. Genotype 44 in the ripe stage had the highest content of carotenoids (105.88 mg.100 g-1). The high contents of vitamin C and phenolic compounds make the residue of camu camu fruit processing a rich source of antioxidants to the food and/or pharmaceutical industries.

Abstract The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the effect of systemic antibiotics in the periodontal treatment of smokers. The selection criteria were as follows: controlled randomized clinical trials; studies published in English; studies with smoker patients diagnosed with chronic periodontitis; patients without systemic diseases; studies that used systemic antibiotic therapy associated with periodontal treatment; studies that presented results for the test and control groups and assessments of clinical periodontal parameters, such as probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP), and clinical attachment level (CAL). The differences in average weights were calculated with a confidence interval (CI) of 95% for PD reduction, CAL gain and BOP. The means of the periodontal clinical parameters were compared between the baseline and post-treatment periods between the test groups and the control groups. The heterogeneity was assessed using the Cochran Q test (Q (df = 3), α = 5%). A total of 67 articles were found, and after the selection process, three randomized controlled trials were included in the meta-analysis. The results indicate that SRP associated with systemic antibiotics promoted additional benefits when compared to SRP alone, with a greater reduction of PD (p = 0.0359, CI = -0.42, -0.01) and a gain of CAL (p = 0.0161, CI = -0.39, -0.04). There was a modest PD reduction (PD, DM -0.21) and a modest CAL gain (CAL, DM -0.22). The results of our meta-analysis reveal the clinical benefits of systemic antibiotics as an adjunct to the non-surgical periodontal treatment of smokers. These clinical improvements, although statistically significant, appeared to be of little clinical relevance.

Due to the economic potential of camu-camu, considering its high concentration of vitamin C, the aim of this work was to evaluate the quality and genetic variability seven accessions of camu-camu conserved in genebank (BAG) of Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, in the state of Pará, Amazon region, Brazil. The fruits of camucamuzeiro were analyzed for physicochemical characterization (standard methodologies) and mineral composition. The data were subjected to multivariate statistical analysis, using the techniques of cluster analysis and principal component analysis. The formation of different groups for each genotype, which shows the genetic variability and the dissimilarity of the genotypes in the species data, may be used to guide the selection of promising genotypes to enrich the programs of genetic improvement of the camucamuzeiro. Ascorbic acid showed levels above 1000 mg 100 g-1, however, genotypes 4, 1 and 2 show the highest potential and the most promising nutritional capacity, but genotype 4 showed good characteristics for the moisture, acidity, carbohydrates, Cu and Zn and differs totally from others about the total soluble solids (TSS) and flavon-3-ol, features that make it the most promising genotype. It was possible to separate the seven different genotypes using multivariate analysis (hierarchical cluster analysis-HCA and principal component analysis-PCA).

INTRODUÇÃO: Tumores cerebrais são os tumores sólidos mais comuns e o segundo maior grupo de neoplasias diagnosticadas na infância. O tratamento inclui cirurgia, radioterapia e quimioterapia. No entanto, a radioterapia pode causar complicações, como, por exemplo, déficits cognitivos. DESCRIÇÃO DO CASO: Descrevemos o caso de uma criança diagnosticada com tumor cerebral e avaliada antes e após tratamento com radioterapia para investigar declínio cognitivo pós-tratamento. Os resultados demonstraram um declínio nos escores de Quociente de Inteligência (QI) e uma reversão da predominância em habilidades verbais e não verbais. Após a radioterapia, o sujeito demonstrou lentidão, déficits acadêmicos e dificuldade para aprender novas informações. COMENTÁRIO: Embora a avaliação pós-tratamento tenha mostrado escores compatíveis com a média, a comparação entre as avaliações pré e pós-tratamento evidenciaram o impacto da radioterapia sobre o perfil cognitivo do paciente. Esses resultados salientam a importância de avaliar pacientes tratados com radioterapia antes e após o tratamento e de entender os escores neuropsicológicos associados às queixas dos pacientes.

INTRODUCTION: Brain tumors are the most common solid tumors and the second largest group of neoplasms diagnosed in childhood. Treatment includes surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. However, radiotherapy can cause complications, e.g., cognitive deficits. CASE DESCRIPTION: We describe the case of a child diagnosed with a brain tumor evaluated before and after radiotherapy to investigate cognitive decline after treatment. The results showed a decline in Intelligence Quotient (IQ) scores and reversal of the predominance of verbal and nonverbal skills. After radiotherapy, the subject showed slowness, academic deficits, and difficulties learning new information. COMMENTS: Even though the post-treatment evaluation showed scores compatible with the average, comparison between pre- and post-treatment evaluations demonstrated the impact of radiotherapy on the subject's cognitive profile. These results highlight the importance of evaluating patients who undergo radiotherapy before and after treatment and understanding neuropsychological scores associated with the subjects' complaints.

Neste trabalho, foram avaliadas propriedades físicas e físico-químicas das raízes de três acessos de mandiocaba (Manihot esculenta Crantz): São Francisco Bag 3, Manicueira 62 e Castanhal Iracema. Os três acessos apresentaram elevada produtividade estimada (≥3,93kg planta-1) e as suas raízes apresentaram altos teores de açúcares (≥3,92g 100g-1 de raiz), apresentando-se como uma alternativa para a produção de xarope, particularmente o acesso São Francisco Bag 3 (4,76g 100g-1). O acesso Manicueira 62 foi o que apresentou o maior conteúdo de amido (4,40g 100-1). As três raízes estudadas apresentaram altos níveis de cianeto total (>195mg kg-1), o que indica que elas também necessitam ser processadas antes de serem consumidas.

This study evaluates the physical and physicochemical properties of three sugary cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) landraces: São Francisco Bag 3, Manicueira 62, and Castanhal Iracema. These three landraces showed high estimated productivity (≥3.93kg plant-1) and had a high sugar content (≥3.92g 100g-1 of root), making them viable for use in syrup production, especially the São Francisco Bag 3 landrace (4.76g 100g-1). The Manicueira 62 landrace had the highest starch content (4.40g 100g-1). The three sugary cassava landraces exhibited high levels of cyanide (>195mg kg-1), indicating the need for processing prior to consumption.

Neste trabalho, foi estudado o comportamento reológico da polpa de pitanga na faixa de temperatura de pasteurização de 83 a 97 °C. Os resultados indicaram que a polpa apresentou comportamento pseudoplástico e o modelo de Herschel-Bulkley foi considerado o mais adequado para representar o comportamento reológico do produto nas temperaturas estudadas. Os índices de comportamento de fluido (n) variaram na faixa de 0,448 a 0,627. O efeito da temperatura sobre a viscosidade aparente pôde ser descrito pela equação análoga à de Arrenhius, observando-se a diminuição da viscosidade aparente da polpa de pitanga com o aumento da temperatura.

The rheological behavior of Brazilian Cherry (Eugenia uniflora L.) pulp in the range of temperatures used for pasteurization (83 to 97 °C) was studied. The results indicated that Brazilian Cherry pulp presented pseudoplastic behavior, and the Herschel-Bulkley model was considered more adequate to represent the rheological behavior of this pulp in the range of temperatures studied. The fluid behavior index (n) varied in the range from 0.448 to 0.627. The effect of temperature on the apparent viscosity was described by an equation analogous to Arrhenius equation, and a decrease in apparent viscosity with an increase in temperature was observed.

A farinha de tapioca é um alimento produzido artesanalmente a partir da fécula de mandioca (Manihot esculenta Crantz), amplamente consumida na Região Amazônica. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar duas farinhas de tapioca produzidas no estado do Pará: uma no Baixo Amazonas e outra na Zona Bragantina. As duas farinhas apresentaram perfis granulométricos distintos e diferença significativa (P 0,05) para a maioria dos parâmetros físico-químicos e tecnológicos analisados. A farinha de tapioca proveniente do Baixo Amazonas apresentou maior umidade (10,7%), em função da maior capacidade de adsorver água, devido a sua maior área específica (menor granulometria). A microscopia óptica com luz polarizada, juntamente com as características dos dois produtos indicou a inexistência de um processo padrão utilizado na produção da farinha de tapioca.

Tapioca flour is a typical food produced from cassava starch (Manihot esculenta Crantz), widely consumed in the Amazon Region. The aim of this study was to characterize two tapioca flours produced in Pará State, Brazil one in the West Region and other in Bragantina Area. Both tapioca flour presented distinct particle-size distribution and significant difference (P 0.05) for majority of the physico-chemical and technological parameters. Flour from West Region presented high moisture (10.7%), this due the greater capacity of water adsorption, attributed at its high specific area (smaller particle-size). The optical microscopy with polarized light and the technologic properties of the products did not showed a standard process for the production of tapioca flour.